More information on limitations of blending here here: Blends: Union: Combines rowsOccasionally when working in Tableau, thee want have to perform a functionality called intelligence mixing, which involves combining data from different sources. Generally you want to do a join at the most granular level and pre-aggregation. Blending, on the other hand, can be slower and less efficient, as it requires. AndyTAR • 3 yr. Instead, publish each data source separately. Data is at different levels of detail. Once we load all these data tables in Tableau, we can see them in the Data pane of our Tableau worksheet. A relationship is a standard database join. I generally recommend cross-database joins because they avoid the many limitations of data blending. Switch between data connections in the Left pane, then drag out the desired table to the canvas and release it. I’ll provide some. tde. ago. It is easy to share, an expert at blending multiple data sources, and provides "live" visual analytics via charts, graphs, and maps. Our data from our SQL server has known issues where we know that the data is not correct. Tableau is one of the most popular and powerful tools. A data model can be simple, such as a single table. Details . . After you configure your Tableau Cloud site with your logo and authentication options, you can start organizing the content framework for the way you and your users want to share Tableau data. (1) You will be able to connect from Tableau Desktop to a data source you have prepared and published via Tableau Prep Builder; the connection won't be live though, it'll be an extract. Inner Join — When we join 2 tables using inner join, the result is a table that contains values that match in both tables. mdb which will be used to illustrate data blending. ago. Drag out a second table. Tableau is a powerful data management software that focuses on teamwork and collaboration. e. Step 1: Add the first dataset as shown below. Tableau Desktop & Web. With that, you will now head to the next type of LOD Expressions in Tableau, which is the EXCLUDE LOD Expressions in Tableau. Or it can be more complex, with multiple tables that use different. Option 2: Create a calculation using WINDOW_SUM () Drag the linking field (s) from the secondary data source to Details on the Marks card. Data blending is best used when you need to analyze data from different data. Data blending is a method for combining data. I have 2 published datasource and i think i cannot perform JOIN, LOD and COUNTD. The limitations of data blending largely lie with the ETL solution you choose. Tableau is one such tool that understands the platform a user is using, and accordingly, it optimizes the reports and serves the best viewing option to the users. Multiple Choice. blends joins new data model noodle relationships Tableau Tableau 2020. In previous Tableau versions, you needed the Data-Blending solution to join data from different databases. if needed - create a left join in a custom SQL before using a Data source, instead of using 2 data sources and blending as at some point you will reach a deadend. Cross-Database Join functionality will allow us to cross data between different data sources and types in an easier and more intuitive way (avoiding those painful asterisks when using Data-Blending). Step 1: Let’s first connect to the data source. Read More >. Access can be based on the user name, the group a user. The Tableau’s extract may be updated daily, weekly, or monthly during off-peak hours. other than the normal issues listed in below link, I don't think there would be limitation to create workbook based on 6 data sources blended. Analysis in Tableau. Alternatively, click on “Connect to Data”. Limitations of Data Blending. Let us have a quick review of the limitations of data blending in the tableau platform. To populate your Tableau Cloud site with content (data, reports, and so on), you or the data professionals in your organization publish that. 2. Data Blending Limitations in Tableau The Six Principles of Data Blending. For instance, we have Profit… Hi there. Where we combine tables with similar row structures together to create a larger physical. [OIL DATE]) THEN MIN ( [KMs]) END. Keep joins as limited as. While you cannot create a join between Splunk tables, you can combine Splunk data from multiple tables by doing one of the following:. The secondary data always have to. This includes joining and blending data. It enables users to connect, blend and visualize different data sources easily. com and enter your e-mail address and click “ Download the App “. Switch between data connections in the Left pane, then drag out the desired table to the canvas and release it. org. Blending Data Via Multi-Dimensional Scaffolding . It was released a good one and a half decade after Excel’s launch, but it is no less than its competitor 🙌. A blend aggregates data and then combines whereas a join combines data and then aggregates. In the calculation dialog box, do the following: In the name text box, enter Sales for Store - South. The Tableau Performance Checklist series is designed to help you streamline your dashboard performance and Tableau Server configuration. In Tableau Desktop: On the Start page, under Connect, connect to a supported file type or supported database type. Data Blending [Tableau Help] – Blend Your Data (中: 混合您的数据 / 한: 데이터 혼합) >> ConceptData Blending. Tableau Desktop and Tableau Server do not have any enforced row or column limits for the amount of data that can be imported. Table of Contents How do you generally perform load testing in Tableau? Performance: Another difference between relationships and blending is the performance. In addition, some data sources have complexity limits. How to do data blending. data blending might help. Using data blending as a substitute for database level joins will result in out of memory errors because Tableau Desktop is forced to do the computations rather than the underlying database. Despite the advantages of data blending, it also has some downsides, as shown below: Data blending works with the left join under the hood, and it does not perform any other types of joins. It helps users create different charts, graphs, maps, dashboards, and stories for visualizing and analyzing data, to help in. Instead, you need to publish the two data sources separately on the same server and then blend the published sources. The limitations to DB are: There are some data blending limitations around non-additive aggregates, such as COUNTD, MEDIAN, and RAWSQLAGG. Extract files are the local copy of the data source that you can use to make. Creation and publication of data sources that join data across. Tableau automatically selects join types based on the fields being used in the visualization. A simple example is having (a) a data source with three columns including location names and latitude/longitude values, and (b) a data source with location names and detailed information about each. For that click on “New Data Source” under the Data tab. When you are building a viz with fields from these tables, Tableau brings in data from these tables using that contract to build a query with the appropriate joins. We will also write some logic in a join calculation that accounts for our super users. Tableau is strictly a visualization tool. N. Manage Data. Each post expands upon one item listed in the master Tableau Performance Checklist. Data joining is when you perform tasks with multiple tables or views from the same source (e. Unlike an ordinary join, which combines data sources at the lowest granularity before any aggregation is done, a data blend can join data sources after aggregation is performed on the individual sources; ultimately limiting the number of records that. Clean up your workbooks! Reduce dashboard scope. Blend Your Data. You define relationships based on matching fields, so that during analysis, Tableau brings in the right data from the. After some research, I have learned that using a LOD on blended data isn't possible. Data blending brings in additional information from a secondary data source and displays it with data from the primary data source directly in the view. Choose the appropriate JSON file, i. Despite the advantages of data blending, it also has some downsides, as shown below: Data blending works with the left join under the hood, and it does not perform any other types of joins. Often if an extract is not performing very well it has to do with your harddrive needing to be defragged or you have too many calculations, badly set. Thanks, PaoloData Blending is a very powerful feature in Tableau. Using a data source that has multiple, related tables affects how analysis works in Tableau. Instead, publish each data source separately (to the same server) and then blend the published data. In the next stage in a subsequent dialog box, you will get four types of filters: Range: Select the range of values to include in the result. mdb and Sample-superstore, which can be used to illustrate data blending. Introduction to Data Blending in Tableau This article covers how ️ Data Blending works, types & limitations Get step-by-step guidance. Drag a table to the canvas (if needed), then on the Data Source page, in the left pane, select the Use Data Interpreter check box to see if. In the same way, data blending features in Tableau also have some limitations. Portent’s Michael Wiegand has written about data blending in Google Data Studio multiple times. 2. With that, you have seen how to create Top N Parameters in Tableau. LOD stands for the level of detail and it is just a mechanism supported by tableau. I know that Tableau has certain limitations like the inability to show empty rows/columns when using 2 data sources but I have read a lot of threads and blogs and know that there are a lot of workarounds to make tableau do what you ultimately need. this keeps counts of all products that run through the manufacturing line. Add some budget data to a second worksheet in Excel – this is equivalent to connecting to a second data source in Tableau. When two data sets are blended together there is an increase in time to. In Tableau, data blending is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single view. Domo is a cloud-based. Click the icon and select Join from the menu, then manually add the other input to the join and add the join clauses. Connect to these two data tables from Tableau. Data blends are a powerful tool for combining datasets in Tableau, but they are often misused because of their perceived complexity. Tableau is a data analytics tool that offers new and advanced problem-solving methods. It's a bit like you primary data source is a header and your secondary data source is anticipated to potentially have multiple lines (think order header and order lines). Blending will limit the functionality available to you in Tableau - cant us LOD - no filtering across the data sources - the data from the secondary source are aggregated at the. Or it can be more complex, with multiple tables that use different. Also, can anyone tell me what is the best practice in Tableau when trying to data blend manually adjusted Data. Unlike a Join operation, a Union operation combines two tables that have the same. When two data sets are blended together there is an increase in time to. If you are experiencing that issue, I recommend opening a support case so that we can investigate it. In the next dialog box, enter a name for the action. Data preparation and blending features are found in two types of self-service tools: Visual analytics platforms such as Tableau, Qlik Sense, Spotfire etc. The new Tableau cross database join functionality enables: Rapid prototyping and deployment of reports and visualizations joining data from multiple databases. Avoid using custom SQL. Step 4: Combine the Top N set with a dynamic parameter. When we apply inner join. At least: Select the minimum value of a measure. From the Data pane, under Measures shelf, drag the field Sales Per Customer from the Rows shelf and drop it on the left of field SUM (Sales). Step 2: For blending data, we will perform the following steps: Click on “Edit Relationships. The data types supported by Tableau are described below. JSON file data source example. They must be in the same format. It is Horizontal merging it means Data bases are having different columns apart from common column for define the relationship. In the Actions dialog box, click Add Action and then select Go to URL . The extract file only saves the actual data, not how it was. Tableau Data Blending Limitations. Image 2. A relationship describes how two tables relate to each other, based on common fields, but doesn’t merge the tables together. For more. Until v9. AVG is a quasi-additive aggregation and may not be supported when blending. Published on:English (US) Deutsch;If so, then there are over 30 different listed data source connection types in Tableau Pro however this is a bit confusing because some of these connection types are things such as "ODBC" or "OData" which could include other data base types while relying on connection specific definitions configured by the end user. On the user end, connecting to the published data source is extremely simple. Specifically, you cannot use cross-database joins with these connection types: Tableau Server. On the Rows shelf, right. 1. Click on Data 🡪 New Data Source, Select the second data connector and connect to the second set of data. The actual data set I use is huge and a join is too slow. Enable the performance option for cross-database joins. Blended data cannot be. It automatically creates a left outer join. To blend geographic data. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Using Tableau’s data engine enables you to split the load from your primary database server to the Tableau Server. A datetime field may be converted to a date field using a calculation to remove the time portion. AVG is a quasi-additive aggregation and may not be supported when blending. Everyone tells blend it is for different data sources but I can see even cross join can be used to join different data sources. If the option isn’t available, it means the data cannot be blended together, most likely because the chosen options aren’t compatible with each other. Tableau Pros and Cons – Disadvantages of Tableau. 1. In the paper, Kristi talks about why Tableau’s Data Blending has taken us closer to that scenario: “Because our data blending is workload-driven, we are able to bypass many of the pain points and uncertainty in creating mediated schemas and schema-mappings in current pay-as-you-go integration systems. Before Tableau 10, you had to select a data source to be the "one to filter on", and then ensure that data source is the primary data source for all sheets, even the ones where most of the data is coming from a secondary blended data source. The tables that you add to the canvas in the Data Source page create the structure of the data model. e. Limitations of Refreshing Tableau Extracts. Sum, average, and median are common aggregations; for a complete list, see List of Predefined Aggregations in Tableau. It's a. Custom SQL/Selected ColumnsIt assists users in producing a variety of graphs, maps, dashboards, and stories to visualize and analyze data to aid in business decision-making. A relationship will automatically form if it can. During analysis, Tableau adjusts join types intelligently and preserves the native level of detail in your data. Data blending is a source of aggravation for many Tableau developers. This makes a blend somewhat comparable to a left join, since data from the primary data source is always brought into the view even if there is no match to the secondary source. Step 2: Now add these data sources in Tableau. Tableau will not disable calculations for these databases, but query errors are a possibility if calculations become too. Option 1. com” as the server URL. In this article, we will discuss data blending in tableau, steps to create, benefits and limitations and finally the difference between joins and blend in tableau. The article The Tableau Data Model provides detailed information about Logical and Physical layers. Data blending provides a way to combine data from more than one data source on a single worksheet. The disadvantage of blending will be its limitations in this case as I mentioned above: Limitations around non-additive aggregates, COUNTD, MEDIAN, and RAWSQLAGG. Blending is dedicate to enable measures/dimensions from different sources. Tableau is a powerful data management software that focuses on teamwork and collaboration. Instead, publish each data source separately (to the same server) and then. Data blending works much faster. Context Filter is used to filter the data that is transferred to each individual worksheet. When there is lesser data to combine, generally, performance improves. Step 4: Double click on the icon, to load Tableau public. This makes a blend somewhat comparable to a left join, since data from the primary data source is always brought into the view even if there is no match to the secondary source. What has me confused is that between both data sets, the country names are the same and even the dimension field is the same. Tableau Data Blending Limitations. 1. In web authoring: From the Home or Explore page, click Create > Workbook. Tableau encourages everyone to know and understand their data. Blending gives you the option to do thing like get the SUM, COUNT, AVG of something. It is used for data analysis to finally help draft plans or inferences a company may need to understand themselves. Poor Versioning. Connect to each table separately. Tableau has an ability to blend data. Despite the advantages of data blending, it also has some downsides, as shown below: Data blending works with the left join under the hood, and it does not perform any other types of joins. you can only work with aggregates from the secondary datasource, and slice and filter by the. For example, suppose you are analyzing transactional data. Tableau Data Blending Limitations. 2. Data Blending in Tableau - a method used when there is related data in multiple data sources, which you want to analyze together in a single view. It will pop up the Relationships dialogue box. The following situations are commonly seen when data blending. In the Data pane, select the Store - North data source. It is used for data analysis to finally help draft plans or. If you are looking for types of data blending in tableau you should know that there is only one type. Hi Christian, The behavior you are descibing is expected behavior due to a one-to-many, with the many in your secondary data source. Dashboarding tools like Tableau, Looker Studio, and Power BI are great for data visualization and offer some transformation capability via inbuilt functions. This means that if you have a field with two values 0 and 1 in a table with 100 rows, this function will return the value 2, unlike COUNT. Also, the whole data model won’t be visible in the data source. LOD stands for the level of detail and it is just a mechanism supported by tableau. If you have multiple data connections that are large and take a long time to query, using a join can increase query time dramatically. 0 releases, all queries run in series (sequentially). A data policy is applied and filters the data when it's viewed in the Tableau content (for example, a workbook or flow). Tableau is the leader in the data viz space however, there are some limitations. The filters are applied to Measure fields consisting of quantitative data. The relationships feature in Tableau 2020. Now, drag a field to the View On-screen and note that the data source from where you dragged the field will become the primary data source. In Tableau Desktop, choose “Tableau Server” as the database and enter “online. For a more detailed example, see Blend Geographic Data . Ensure that all your tables are in the exact order you want them to be. After getting the data from the SQL server into Tableau, it can be easily analyzed in Tableau. Going through this workflow constructs SQL in the correct format for the. Blending data. And this will allows to think to work on designing the models at SQL level to handle the data. Becoming a Tableau expert is possible now with the 360DigiTMG Best. For example, select Analysis > Create Calculated Field, and in the Formula text box, type the. With a data blend, it's a post-aggregation (at the level of the join) quasi-left join. To utilise Tableau's blending function, you don't need any programming or database skills. Data blending works by supplementing the data in the primary data source with the data in the secondary data source. This step creates the first connection in the Tableau data source. With data blending, the linking field from the primary data source must be in the view before you can use a Level Of Detail expression from the secondary data source. Blend multiple tables from the same data source. For more information, see Alias Field Values Using Data Blending. With a data blend, it's a post-aggregation (at the level of the join) quasi-left join. This will greatly enhance Tableau's efficiency, particularly when there are several filters set to the worksheet. No Automatic Refreshing of Reports: In this case, set up individual data sources for the data you want to analyze, and then use data blending to combine the data sources on a single sheet. For example, suppose you are analyzing transactional. Data blending in Tableau can be quite tricky, as data from the secondary data sources must be able to be aggregated. Want to dive deep into Tableau? Check out our upcoming Tableau classes! — Blending is nearly as old as Tableau Desktop itself. Despite being advantageous in many ways, data blending in Tableau has a few limitations too: Non-additive aggregates like MEDIAN, COUNT and RAWSQLAGG. 1, it is possible to create date scaffolding in Tableau Prep without creating a Date List. Data preparation and blending features are found in two types of self-service tools: Visual analytics platforms such as Tableau, Qlik Sense, Spotfire etc. Some of these limitations are: Tableau does not support nonadditive aggregates such as Median, RaqSQL. Note: Give the action a descriptive name, because the link text in the tooltip is. Then connect to this saved search from Tableau Desktop. A relationship will automatically form if it can. Data blending differs from data integration and data. Delete or consolidate unused worksheets and data sources. You may apply different types of filters and create. I haven't completely gone through that, but it seems like the kind of functionality that Tableau should have by default for data blending. After bringing out the first table of data, click the Add link to the right of the Connections heading in the Left pane. 3 . Manipulate your data. We must provide the required. There are some data blending limitations around non-additive aggregates, such as COUNTD, MEDIAN, and RAWSQLAGG. value from a variety of sources and create deeper analyses. Best-of-breed data preparation platforms such as Datawatch Monarch, Alteryx, Vero Analytics etc. Join limitations with Splunk. That’s because they aren’t supported for cross-database joins yet. So click on MySQL, as highlighted in the below screenshot. Because multiple, related tables have independent domains and retain their native level of detail, when you drag fields into the view: Data is queried at its natural level of detail. Data blending is particularly useful when the. Also, you have the ability to change data types. Quick filter is used to view the filtering options and filter each worksheet on a dashboard while changing the values dynamically (within the range defined) during the run time. Advanced concepts. Data blending is the ability to bring data from multiple data sources into one Tableau view, without the need for any special coding. Only data that is relevant to a viz is queried. Limitations Of Data Blending In Tableau. Select the "Measure" option. It is imperative that this is done as a DATA BLEND and not a JOIN. Using a data source that has multiple, related tables affects how analysis works in Tableau. Data blending will. Also, can anyone tell me what is the best practice in Tableau when trying to data blend manually adjusted Data. Tableau provides the best feature. Focus your results. Conclusion. Relationships are generally faster and more efficient than blending, as they create joins between tables, which reduces the amount of data that needs to be loaded into Tableau. Limitations of Data Blending in Tableau. Used when the data set is from the same source. For more information, see Customize and Tune a Connection. Although pre-aggregated, it is still computed locally. If you haven’t already, read our previous post to get an. e. The current aggregation appears as part of the measure's name in the view. Tableau isn’t the foremost expensive visual image package, particularly compared to such business intelligence giants as Oracle’s and IBM’s solutions. If the secondary data source has LOD (have different granularity), they are taken down after data blending. Data blending is not a database join engine, but an in-memory method for visualizing data from different data sources. However, the resulting data can be de-duplicated using calculations. User functions are often used to limit access to users or groups. The resultant visualization will be as shown below. Everyone tells blend it is for different data sources but I can see even cross join can be used to join different data sources. 1. All Courses ;Create a FIXED calc in the secondary data source to only return the latest value per name: LatestMonthPerName: [Month] = {FIXED [Name]:MAX ( [Month])} Use this new field as a data source filter on your secondary source. It provides a visual, workflow style way to combine, shape, and clean data, making it easier for analysts and business users to start their analysis. Data blending is a powerful tool supported by Tableau which allows visualizing data. For example, you could manually map a user named “Alice” to the value “East” so that she only sees rows in the data source where the “Region” column is. 6. We will explore some of the advantages and limitations of Tableau Desktop. Tableau Steps On Data Blending. The limitations of data blending largely lie with the ETL solution you choose. What is data blending in Tableau? Blends enable you to query each data source independently. Hope this article will help you in your data analysis journey. Next, create a table calc using the [Start KM] to calculate the total KMs:6. Data Blending Limitations in Tableau The Six Principles of Data Blending. Image 3. e. Amazon Aurora, Spark SQL and etc. In an ideal world, most data would be exported in perfect tables. Cube data sources are used as primary data sources for data integration in Tableau and cannot be used as secondary data sources. The main difference between the two is when the aggregation is performed. Tableau is most likely able to perform connections up to the maximum capacity specifications of the database vendor. Both data blending and cross data source joins employ a federated join — that is, Tableau loads the data from both data sources into temp tables and then performs the join using its own data engine. Many of these customizations influence the type of SQL queries that. The Tableau will provide the Top N Parameter list on the screen. Create visualizations for your data. For more. In an ideal world, most data would be exported in perfect tables. Dragging out additional tables adds them to the data model. Target Sheet as Secondary Data Source This is the table is used as an additional data source to tableau to create the conditional formatting. The simplest way to achieve row-level security in Tableau is through a user filter where you manually map users to values. This data source contains the target sales for each segment. Although they do offer data blending functionality, in practice, it's rather difficult to set up and debug. You can see aggregations at the level of detail of the fields in your viz. Example: "Tableau is a powerful tool that offers advanced data visualization, data filtering and data blending features. When connecting to a new data source, any column with data type set to Number (whole) can accommodate values up to this limit; for larger values,. Data Blending is performed sheet-by-sheet by setting up a field from the subsequent information source in the view. For “Data Blending 2” or “DB2” in v8, data blending gets more complex (in a very useful way): The relationships between dimensions that Tableau would automatically determine. When you blend the two data sources on the State field, you create a link where individual state values (in the primary data source) can have multiple segment values (in the secondary data source). Data blending is the ability to bring data from multiple data sources into one Tableau view, without the need for any special coding. For example, departments within a company can use data blending to merging information from CRMs, social media, web analytics, and other sources. The underlying data source. COUNT ( [EmailPromotion]) – The result of this expression will be the sum of all rows in the selected field. Limited Data Preprocessing. The final step in this Excel process is the equivalent of the data blending step in Tableau. In tableau software, data blending is a technique to combine data from multiple data sources in the data visualization. Beyond that personally I tend to do the work necessary to avoid using data blending in production data sources & views. However, by switching which data source is primary, or by filtering nulls, it is possible to emulate left, right and inner joins. Figure 6: Cross-Database Join Tableau 10 It’s easy to see the benefits of this new feature. Depending on the join type you use, you may lose unmatched data. Tables are created before the blend. Some compatibility issues can be due to differences in data formats, connectivity options, or unsupported data types. Blending should be at the least granular level - i. This differs from Tableau permissions, which control access to content and feature functionality. It is great for individuals and businesses both. Blending, on the other hand, can be slower and less efficient, as it requires. , “Fuel station,” and click on the “Open” button. Right-click the replacement calculation on the shelf, and select Edit Table Calculation. When you add a measure to the view, Tableau automatically aggregates its values. Tableau is a data analytics tool that offers new and advanced problem-solving methods. In Tableau Desktop, connect to the original data you want to map, and then connect to the data source that defines your geographic data. This appendix is designed for people who first learned Tableau using Version 8 or an earlier release. Data blending limitations. Once we load all these data tables in Tableau, we can see them in the Data pane of our Tableau worksheet. Data blending is referred to as a way of combining data in Tableau. When. The canvas you’re seeing is a new layer of the data model where you can relate tables together. In v9. Cause Extract filters send queries directly to the database, therefore only functions supported by the data source can be used in the calculated fields used for. Connect to a set of data and set up the data source on the data source page. From a dashboard, select Dashboard > Actions . When answering this question, you might first explain the differences between each method before providing advice on how to decide which method to use in certain contexts. A better approach is to aggregate the tables, then blend the data on the aggregate. The latest version of Tableau, 2020. Limited Data Preprocessing. With Blending, you can mesh data from various sources. Relationships are a flexible way to combine data for multi-table analysis in Tableau. Each module of this course is independent, so you can work on whichever section you like, and complete the. In this case, multiple values for segments in the secondary data source for each corresponding state value in the primary data source cause asterisks to. Example: Here are Two tables Table A and B. tableau. Connecting to Multiple Data Sources Without Joining or Blending | Tableau SoftwareSteps to Set up Tableau Incremental Refresh. There are some data blending limitations around non-additive aggregates, such as COUNTD, MEDIAN, and RAWSQLAGG. Table of. Unlike an ordinary join, which combines data sources at the lowest granularity before any aggregation is done, a data blend can join data sources after aggregation is performed on the individual sources;. Instead, publish each data source separately (to the same server). Data blending in Tableau is a method for combining data that supplements a table of data from one data source with columns of data from another data source; this is performed per worksheet, although, Tableau does suggest possible link columns. In short, Tableau connects to multiple data sources, sends independent queries to those data sources, and then combines (or “blends”) the aggregated results of the. 2. In this case, set up individual data sources for the data you want to analyze, and then use data blending to combine the data sources on a single sheet. You can see aggregations at the level of detail of the fields in your viz. Tableau Desktop allows you do to very basic preprocessing. The article The Tableau Data Model provides detailed information about Logical and Physical layers.